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CO2 mineralisation: From research to full scale development

C-ASH phase 2

The C-ASH project has been awarded DKK 25 million (approximately €3.35 million) from Denmark's Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Program (EUDP) to launch the project's second phase, which will demonstrate permanent CO2 mineralisation under real operating conditions.

The grant builds on the work completed during the first phase of C-ASH, where the project's partners investigated the geological, technical and societal conditions required for CO2 mineralisation in Salling, Denmark.

This new funding marks the transition from research and development to large-scale demonstration—an important milestone towards establishing a new Danish value chain for permanent carbon storage.

Phase 1 laid the foundation

The first phase of C-ASH focused on documenting whether the local geology provides the natural conditions needed for permanent CO2 mineralisation. At the same time, the project established the scientific, environmental and regulatory foundation required to advance the technology.

A key objective was also to ensure that a future CO2 mineralisation industry creates value locally. From the outset, the project has therefore engaged local communities, landowners, businesses and public authorities while exploring how a new carbon management industry can contribute to regional growth and job creation.

The ambition has been to create the best possible foundation for ensuring that both the local community and local businesses benefit from this emerging green industry.

Demonstrating the technology in practice

With the EUDP funding, C-ASH now enters its demonstration phase at Rybjerggaard Biogas. Here, biogenic CO2 captured from biogas production will be dissolved in naturally occurring saline groundwater and injected into volcanic ash layers located 200–300 metres below ground.

Through naturally occurring geochemical reactions, the CO2 will gradually be converted into stable carbonate minerals, providing a permanent and secure form of carbon storage.

The demonstration project will validate the technology under real operating conditions while generating the knowledge needed for future commercial deployment.

Climate action and regional development

Beyond its climate benefits, C-ASH has the potential to establish a new green industry in the region. If successfully scaled, CO2 mineralisation could create new business opportunities and skilled jobs in engineering, construction, automation, operations, maintenance and technical services.

For Klimafonden Skive, the close connection between climate innovation and regional development is a central objective. The ambition is not only to develop a breakthrough climate technology, but also to ensure that the value it creates remains rooted in the local community.

With the EUDP grant, C-ASH takes an important step towards demonstrating that permanent CO2 mineralisation can become a scalable climate solution—one that both removes carbon from the atmosphere and supports sustainable economic development.

C-ASH phase 1

About

C-ASH Phase 2 will establish and commence operation of the world's first facility for in situ CO2 mineralisation in subsurface volcanic ash formations. This marks a decisive step from research to full-scale demonstration of a groundbreaking technology that permanently converts CO2 into stable carbonate minerals directly where it is stored, using nature's own geological processes.

In June 2026, the project was awarded DKK 25 million in funding from Denmark's Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Program (EUDP).

The project is led by Sunstones ApS in partnership with Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Rybjerggaard Biogas, Klimate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and Klimafonden Skive.